A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of cytopenias and the other common disorders presented in this course, as well as knowledge of newer tests and their interpretations, are all essential to accurate diagnosis. The goal of this activity is to refresh the general pediatric practitioner on the approach to children with common problems related to the blood. Updates will be provided on the newer tests available to the practitioner and their interpretation. The course also will provide clear algorithms of a basic workup for commonly seen problems like anemia, other cytopenias, and possible bleeding and clotting disorders and suggest a paradigm for when to suspect an occult malignancy, and when a referral should be made to the hematologist/oncologist.